In 1937, Japan invaded China, marking the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Despite initial successes, the conflict dragged on for years, and Japan struggled to secure a decisive victory. This was commonly referred to as the "China Incident." We will review the factors that led to Japan's expansion and its implications both at home and abroad.

• Japanese Reaction to the Fall of Nanjing
  • The Japanese government celebrated the fall of the Chinese capital, Nanjing.
  • However, they were frustrated that they couldn't force the Chinese government to surrender despite taking control of the capital.
  • The fighting dragged on, and Japan had occupied the most densely populated coastal region but failed to end the 'China Incident'.
• Outlining Events from 1931 to 1938
  • This period saw a series of events leading to global conflict.
  • Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931, driven partly by the disarray of the Chinese government, marked a significant step towards war.
  • The repercussions of the invasion were felt both domestically and internationally.
• Consequences at Home
  • Following the invasion of Manchuria, the military gained strength in Tokyo.
  • Japan celebrated the conquest of Nanjing, but the government grew increasingly frustrated with the lack of Chinese surrender.
• International Consequences
  • Japan became isolated internationally due to its aggressive actions in China.
  • Japan left the League of Nations and joined Italy and Germany in the Anti-Comintern Pact.
  • Japan also abandoned the limitations imposed by the Washington and London naval treaties.
• Lack of a Decisive Victory
  • Despite extending control in China along the coastal provinces, Japan couldn't secure a decisive victory.
  • The ongoing conflict in Europe would soon have a significant impact on the Far East and Japan's foreign policy.

• Japan's Occupation of Manchuria: Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931 provides an example of how territorial expansion can be motivated by perceived weaknesses in the targeted nation, such as China's political disarray at the time.
• Japan's Increasing Isolation: Japan's actions in China led to international criticism and isolation. This can be seen in their departure from the League of Nations and joining the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany and Italy, reflecting the realignment of global alliances during this period.
• Germany's Invasion of Poland: Just as Japan's aggression in China affected global politics, so did Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939. Both events were instrumental in setting the stage for World War II.