🐉 Quick context
- Qing dynasty ➡ Last Chinese empire, fell in 1911.
- Post-Qing era = time of warlordism: regional leaders controlling provinces, ignoring the main Beijing government.
📅 Key events & facts
- Double Tenth Rebellion (10th October 1911) - Started the fall of Qing dynasty.
- Japan's Play
- Enters WWI 🌍 to snatch German interests in China.
- Comes up with Twenty-One Demands to Chinese central government.
- Reality Check!: U.S. protection helped China not to give in completely to Japan's demands.
- Sino-Japanese Relations (1911-22)
- Bad blood over Korea 🇰🇷.
- Post-WWI Debates: Control over Shandong province.
- The Dilemma: Should it stick with Japan 🇯🇵 or return to China 🇨🇳?
- The guy fighting China's corner? Wellington Koo, Chinese ambassador to Washington 🇺🇸, super smart with Columbia degrees.
- Outcome: In short-term, Shandong went to Japan.
- But, this move ticked off a lot of Chinese folks. Especially the students of the May Fourth Movement.
- Their message: The West bailed on China when they needed them most.
- Fun Fact: The Communist Party of China? Yeah, that was born from this movement in 1921.
- Shandong Question – Japan’s Mixed Bag
- Getting Shandong wasn’t all rainbows 🌈 for Japan.
- Allies weren't happy. China wasn’t shopping Japanese. The UK even thought of ditching the Anglo-Japanese Alliance.
- Japan got worried. Tried to offer Shandong back in 1920. China played hard to get.
- The Resolution: Washington Conference (1921-22). Shandong went back to China with some perks for Japan.
- Washington Conference Outcomes
- Japan returns German territories in Shandong to China.
- But, there's a catch: Japan keeps the railroad 🚂 there for 15 years.
- Sino-Japanese relations? Not smooth. Japan kept meddling in Chinese politics in the 1920s.
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