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Flexed Biceps

Chapter 1 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy

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Woman Lifting Weights

Chapter 2 - Cardio-Respiratory Exercise Physiology

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Peanuts

Chapter 3 - Nutrition & Energy Systems

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Chart Increasing

Chapter 4 - Movement Analysis

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Trophy

Chapter 5 - Skill In Sport

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Bar-Chart

Chapter 6 - Measurement & evaluation of human performance

Chapter 7 - Training to optimize physiological performance

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Globe Showing Europe Africa

Chapter 8 - Environmental Factors & Performance

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Pill

Chapter 9 - Non-Nutritional Ergogenic Aids

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Chapter 10 - Individual Differences In Sport

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Fire

Chapter 11 - Motivation In Sport & Exercise

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Grimacing Face

Chapter 12 - Arousal, Anxiety & Performance

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Brain

Chapter 13 - Psychological Skills Training

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Downcast Face with Sweat

Chapter 14 - Overtraining, Stress & Burnout In Adolescent Athletes

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Stethoscope

Chapter 15 - Physical Activity & Health

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Red Apple

Chapter 16 - Nutrition For Sport & Exercise

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Chart Decreasing

Chapter 17 - Internal Assessment & Practical Work

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Writing Hand

Chapter 18 - Perparing For Your Exams 

🎉 Fun Fact! Bone structure can be likened to reinforced concrete where metal rods run through a block of concrete to give it strength.

<ul>
	<li>🧬 Collagen Fibers: These protein fibers provide bone with high tensile strength. That means bones resist being stretched or torn apart.</li>
</ul>

Real-world example: Think of bones like a tough rubber band that doesn&rsquo;t easily snap when pulled.

<ul>
	<li>
	💧 Water
	</li>
	<li>
	🧂 Mineral Salts: They accumulate around the collagen fibers and crystallize, making the tissue hard.
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Diaphysis: The shaft or mid-section of a long bone.
	<ul>
		<li>Made of compact bone (hard bone).</li>
		<li>Compact bone is dense and provides protection and support. Think of this as the hard outer shell of a candy!</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>Proximal and Distal Epiphysis: The ends of the bone.
	<ul>
		<li>Made of cancellous or spongy bone.</li>
		<li>Imagine it like honeycomb with many spaces.</li>
		<li>Fun location alert! 🚨 Red bone marrow is stored here, where blood cell production occurs.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	🍮 Articular Cartilage

	<ul>
		<li>Found at the ends of bones.</li>
		<li>Reduces friction and absorbs shock at joints.</li>
	</ul>

	Real-world example: It&#39;s like the cushioning in your shoes that prevent your feet from getting sore!
	</li>
	<li>
	🌟 Periosteum

	<ul>
		<li>A shiny white outer lining of bone.</li>
		<li>Important for growth, repair, and nutrition of the bone.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>
	🌕 Medullary (Marrow) Cavity

	<ul>
		<li>Inside the diaphysis.</li>
		<li>Stores the yellow bone marrow.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>
	🔍 Nutrient Foramen

	<ul>
		<li>A tiny opening in the diaphysis.</li>
		<li>Blood vessels pass through to nourish bone marrow and compact bone.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	Bones are dynamic structures that change in response to activities.

	<ul>
		<li>Bone resorption: Old tissues are broken down.</li>
		<li>Bone deposition: New tissues are formed.</li>
	</ul>

	Real-world example: Think of it like a building under construction&mdash;old parts might be taken down while new sections are built!
	</li>
	<li>
	Balance is key! If bone deposited = bone resorbed, bone mass remains constant. 🌟

	<ul>
		<li>Too much stress, like weight training, can increase bone density.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	Types of mechanostress affecting bones:

	<ul>
		<li>Direct forces (e.g. weight bearing)</li>
		<li>Effects of gravity</li>
	</ul>

	Real-world example: Astronauts in space lose bone density because they&#39;re away from Earth&#39;s gravity!
	</li>
	<li>
	According to Wolff&rsquo;s Law: Bones adapt based on the load they&#39;re placed under.

	<ul>
		<li>Greater loads (like from heavy lifting) can lead to increased bone density and strength.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>

🌟 Remember: Regular exercise can promote healthier and stronger bones, especially weight-bearing exercises!

&nbsp;

Happy Studying! 🌟🦴📖

Uncover The Astonishing Science Behind Bone Strength & Adaptability

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Higher Level

Sports, Exercise & Health Science HL

Chapter 1 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Uncover The Astonishing Science Behind Bone Strength & Adaptability

Table of content

Components of bone

Describing bone structure

Unlock the Full Content!

Chapter 1 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Uncover The Astonishing Science Behind Bone Strength & Adaptability

Table of content

Components of bone

Describing bone structure

Unlock the Full Content!